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weight and performance calculations for the Boeing 707-320
foto : Boeing 707-344
Boeing 707-320
role : jet airliner
importance : ****
first flight : 11 January 1959 operational : August 1959 (PanAm)
country : United States of America
design :
production : -320 : 69 aircraft. 707 total : 950 aircraft
general information :
October 1958 Pan American used the 707-120 as the 1st on the Route New York – Paris. However, this was mainly intended for prestige, because the -120 was mainly developed for domestic flights in the US, for which it was also most commonly used. For transatlantic traffic, a special version was developed, the -320. This version was extended by 2.56m and the wingspan was 3.43m larger. It was also a lot heavier. Because of all this, the capacity was greatly increased, especially when later the JT4A turbojets were replaced by JT4D turbofans that were much more economical. These versions were designated as -320B and -320C which became the most successful 707's.
In 1959, the 707-320 was used for the first time on a scheduled flight around the world. On February 23, 1960, a -320 set a sensational record by covering the distance of 3033 km between Hong Kong (HKG) and Tokyo (TYO) with an average ground speed of 1223 km/h. This is thanks to a tail wind of 230 km/h.
Exit limit pax : 189
primary users :
primary users :
Accommodation:
flight crew : 4 cabin crew : 7
flight crew consist of pilot, co-pilot, navigator and flight engineer
passengers : seating for 141 in two class : 18 business class and 123 coach class seats
( 34 -in pitch) exit limit : 189 passengers, high density seating for 181 passengers
engine : 4 Pratt & Whitney JT4A-11 turbojet engines of 77.86 [KN] (17503.3 [lbf])
Chord at root : 10.33 [m] at tip : 2.84 [m]
dimensions :
wingspan : 43.41 [m], length : 46.61 [m], height : 12.7 [m]
wing area : 268.68 [m^2] fuselage exterior width : 3.76 [m]
weights :
empty weight : 61235 [kg]
operating empty weight : 64600 [kg] max. structural payload : 21700 [kg]
Zero Fuel weight (ZFW) : 86300 [kg] max. landing weight (MLW) : 93895 [kg]
max.take-off weight : 141700 [kg] weight fuel : 72128 [kg] (90160 [liter])
performance :
Max. operating Mach number (Mmo) : 0.90 [Mach] (1002 [km/hr]) at 7620 [m]
max. cruising speed : 969 [km/hr] (Mach 0.90 ) at 10000 [m] (40 [%] power)
economic cruising speed : 876 [km/hr] (Mach 0.81 ) at 10000 [m]
service ceiling : 12800 [m]
range with max fuel and Max.TOW : 8520 [km] (ATA domestic fuel reserves - 370.0 [km]
alternate)
description :
cantilever low-wing monoplane with retractable landing gear with nose wheel
Wings : all-metal two spar fail-safe wing structure with two Fowler flaps and one split
fillet flap on each wing with leading edge flaps inboard of outer engine pylon ,with
spoilers airfoil : NACA sweep angle 3/4 chord: 35.0 [°]
engines attached with pylons to the wing, main landing gear attached to the wings, fuel
tanks in the wings and fuselage
Air France Boeing 707-328 F-BHSF s/n 17618
calculation : *1* (dimensions)
wing chord at root : 10.33 [m]
wing chord at tip : 2.84 [m]
taper ratio : 0.275 [ ]
mean wing chord : 6.19 [m]
calculated average wing chord tapered wing with rounded tips: 6.17 [m]
wing aspect ratio : 7.01 []
oswald factor (e): 0.673 []
seize (span*length*height) : 25696 [m^3]
calculation : *2* (fuel consumption)
oil consumption : 13.1 [kg/hr]
fuel consumption (econ. cruise speed) : 7107.3 [kg/hr] (8884.2 [litre/hr]) at 30 [%] power
distance flown for 1 kg fuel : 0.12 [km/kg] at 10000 [m] height, sfc : 75.0 [kg/KN/h]
total fuel capacity : 90160 [litre] (72128 [kg])
calculation : *3* (weight)
weight engine(s) dry : 8680.0 [kg] = 27.87 [kg/KN]
weight 184 litre oil tank : 15.64 [kg]
oil tank filled with 2.0 litre oil : 1.8 [kg]
oil in engine 3.8 litre oil : 3.4 [kg]
fuel in engine 17.0 litre fuel : 12.46 [kg]
weight fuel lines 160.8 [kg]
weight engine cowling 809.7 [kg]
total weight propulsion system : 9684 [kg](6.8 [%])
***************************************************************
Accommodation cabin facilities:
typical 2-class cabin layout for 141 passengers : economy : pitch : 86.4 [cm] 34.0 [-in]
( 3+3 ) seating in 24.1 rows
weight seats : 760.0 [kg]
high density seating passengers : 181 [pax] at 6 -abreast seating in 30.2 rows,
pitch 86.4 [cm] 34.0 [-in]
pax density, normal seating : 0.75 [m2/pax], high density seating : 0.59 [m2/pax]
weight 5 lavatories : 65.7 [kg]
weight auxiliary service bar : 35 [kg]
weight 4 galleys : 261.1 [kg]
Pan-AM 707 interior, with 5-abreast seats
weight overhead stowage for hand luggage : 49.3 [kg]
weight 3 wardrobe closets : 28.2 [kg]
weight 3 movie screens : 22.6 [kg]
weight 50 windows : 45.2 [kg]
weight 2 (1.83 x 0.88 [m]) main entry doors : 123.5 [kg]
weight 2 (1.22 x 0.61 [m]) service doors : 57.4 [kg]
weight 2 (127x122 cm) freight doors (belly) : 106.3 [kg]
total belly baggage/cargo hold volume : 50.28 [m3]
cabin volume (usable), excluding flight deck : 225 [m3]
passenger compartment volume : 149 [m3]
passenger cabin max.width : 3.55 [m] cabin length : 33.99 [m] cabin height : 2.19 [m]
floor area : 106.2 [m2]
weight cabin facilities : 1531.7 [kg]
safety facilities:
weight 4 type III over wing emergency exits (51x91 cm): 75.6 [kg]
evacuation time with 181 passengers : 55 [sec]
weight 7 hand fire extinguisher : 21 [kg]
weight oxygen masks & oxygen generators : 91.7 [kg]
weight emergency flare installation : 10 [kg]
weight 4 emergency evacuation slides : 120.5 [kg]
weight safety equipment & facilities : 319 [kg]
fuselage construction:
fuselage aluminium frame : 13375 [kg]
floor loading (payload/m2): 204 [kg/m2]
weight rear pressure bulkhead : 209.1 [kg]
fuselage covering ( 399.0 [m2] duraluminium 3.55 [mm]) : 3748.0 [kg]
weight floor beams : 638.1 [kg]
weight cabin furbishing : 937.0 [kg]
weight cabin floor : 1563.6 [kg]
weight (sound proof) isolation : 338.4 [kg]
weight 40082 [litre] main central fuel tanks empty : 2244.6 [kg]
weight empty 223 [litre] potable water tank : 19.7 [kg]
weight empty waste tank : 15.2 [kg]
weight fuselage structure : 23088.3 [kg]
Avionics:
weight radio transceiver equipment : 7.0 [kg]
weight dual cloud-collision radar : 25.0 [kg]
weight Doppler & radio direction finding (RDF) equipment : 5.0 [kg]
weight Integrated Flight System / auto-pilot : 23.0 [kg]
Pan Am Boeing 707-321 (N714PA) cockpit
weight artificial horizons, compass, alti-meters : 7 [kg]
weight engine monitoring gauges & control switches : 12 [kg]
weight avionics : 85.0 [kg]
Systems:
Air-conditioning and pressurization system maintains sea level conditions up to 6775 [m]
and gives equivalent of 2000 [m] at 11600 [m]. pressure differential : 0.60 [bars] (kg/cm2)
pressurized fuselage volume : 408 [m3]
weight air-conditioning and pressurization system : 209 [kg]
weight lighting : 46.5 [kg]
weight 210 bar hydraulic system : 85.7 [kg]
weight engine-driven 40kVA electricity generators : 35.2 [kg]
weight 22Ah battery : 12.0 [kg]
weight controls : 20.0 [kg]
weight systems : 408.3 [kg]
total weight fuselage : 25432 [kg](17.9 [%])
***************************************************************
average Take-off weight : 118283 [kg](83.5 [%])
total weight aluminium ribs (1073 ribs) : 4636 [kg]
weight engine mounts : 156 [kg]
weight 6 wing fuel tanks empty for total 50078 [litre] fuel : 2804 [kg]
weight wing covering (painted aluminium 3.38 [mm]) : 4906 [kg]
total weight aluminium spars (multi-cellular wing structure) : 4851 [kg]
weight wings : 14393 [kg]
weight wing/square meter : 53.57 [kg]
weight thermal leading-edge anti-icing : 47.8 [kg]
weight ailerons (11.24 [m2]) : 302.0 [kg]
weight fin (30.49 [m2]) : 818.9 [kg]
weight rudder (9.49 [m2]) : 244.7 [kg]
weight tailplane (stabilizer) (58.14 [m2]): 1717.7 [kg]
weight elevators (14.13 [m2]): 204.90 [kg]
weight flight control hydraulic servo actuators: 42.8 [kg]
weight Fowler flaps (40.47 [m2]) : 708.4 [kg]
weight leading edge flaps (2.52 [m2]) : 40.4 [kg]
weight spoilers (12.3 [m2]) : 165.8 [kg]
total weight wing construction : 21646 [kg] (33.5 [%])
*******************************************************************
707-320 main tyre pressure : 12.68 kg/cm2, according Jane’s all the world aircraft 1970-71 main tyre pressure is 11.25 kg/cm2
tire pressure main wheels : 11.25 [Bar] (nitrogen), ply rating : 22 PR
tire speed limit : 364 [km/hr]
total tyre footprint : 0.59 [m2]
Aircraft Classification Number, MTOW on rigid runway and medium
subgrade strength (B) : 35 [ ]
Can also operate from unpaved runways subgrade B
wheel pressure : 15587.0 [kg]
weight 8 Dunlop main wheels (1170 [mm] by 407 [mm]) : 1083.8 [kg]
weight 2 nose wheels : 135.5 [kg]
weight multi-disc wheel-brakes : 86.3 [kg]
weight Hydro-air flywheel detector type anti-skid units : 9.0 [kg]
weight oleo-pneumatic shock absorbers : 115.1 [kg]
weight wheel hydraulic operated retraction system : 1234.1 [kg]
weight undercarriage struts (four-wheel bogies) with axle 3445.1 [kg]
total weight landing gear : 6108.8 [kg] (4.3 [%]
*******************************************************************
********************************************************************
calculated empty weight : 62871 [kg](44.4 [%])
weight oil for 10.6 hours flying : 159.3 [kg]
weight lifejackets : 63.5 [kg]
weight 3 life rafts : 88.1 [kg]
weight catering : 246.8 [kg]
weight water : 197.4 [kg]
weight crew : 891 [kg]
weight crew lugage,nav.chards,flight doc.,miscell.items : 83 [kg]
operational weight empty : 64600 [kg] (45.6 [%])
SABENA Boeing 707-329 OO-SJB
********************************************************************
weight 141 passengers : 10857 [kg]
weight luggage : 2256 [kg]
weight cargo : 8587 [kg] (cargo+luggage/m3 belly : 204 [kg/m3])
zero fuel weight (ZFW): 86300 [kg](60.9 [%])
weight fuel for landing (1.1 hours flying) : 7595 [kg]
max. landing weight (MLW): 93895 [kg](66.3 [%])
max. fuel weight : 136728 [kg] (96.5 [%])
payload with max fuel : 53 passengers+luggage 4972 [kg]
published maximum take-off weight : 141700 [kg] (100.0 [%])
calculation : * 4 * (engine power)
power loading (Take-off) : 455 [kg/KN]
power loading (Take-off) 1 PUF: 607 [kg/KN]
max. total take-off power : 311.4 [KN]
calculation : *5* (loads)
manoeuvre load : 9.2 [g] at 1000 [m]
limit load : 2.5 [g] ultimate load : 3.8 [g] load factor : 1.2 [g]
design flight time : 3.50 [hours]
design cycles : 14425 sorties, design hours : 50488 [hours]
max. wing loading (MTOW & flaps retracted) : 527 [kg/m2]
wing stress (2 g) during operation : 160 [N/kg] at 2g emergency manoeuvre
Galley of SAA 707-344 ZS-CKC
calculation : *6* (angles of attack)
angle of attack zero lift : -1.81 ["]
max. angle of attack (stalling angle, clean) : 13.72 ["]
max. angle of attack (full flaps) : 14.27 ["]
angle of attack at max. speed : 0.63 ["]
calculation : *7* (lift & drag ratios
lift coefficient at angle of attack 0° : 0.15 [ ]
lift coefficient at max. speed : 0.20 [ ]
lift coefficient at max. angle of attack : 1.29 [ ]
max. lift coefficient full flaps : 1.51 [ ]
drag coefficient at max. speed : 0.0249 [ ]
drag coefficient at econ. cruise speed : 0.0289 [ ]
induced drag coefficient at econ. cruise speed : 0.0067 [ ]
drag coefficient (zero lift) : 0.0221 [ ]
lift/drag ratio at max. speed : 8.12 [ ]
calculation : *8* (speeds
take-off safety speed (V2) : 273 [km/u]
take-off (initial climb) speed (Vto) : 323 [km/u]
stalling speed clean at sea-level (OW loaded : 134593 [kg]): 284 [km/u]
max. rate of climb speed : 560 [km/hr] at sea-level
max. endurance speed (Vbe): 492 [km/u] min. fuel/hr : 6007 [kg/hr] at height : 5182 [m]
max. range speed (Vbr): 965 [km/u] min. fuel consumption : 7.188 [kg/km] at cruise height : 11887 [m]
cruising speed : 969 [km/hr] at 10000 [m] (power:34 [%])
max. operational speed (Mmo) : 1002 [km/hr] (Mach 0.90 ) at 7620 [m] (power:44.7 [%])
airflow at cruise speed per engine : 103.7 [kg/s]
707-344 c/n 17928 SAA ZS-CKC at Schiphol airport, Amsterdam, July 1965
speed of thrust jet : 1898 [km/hr]
initial descent speed 10000 - 7315 [m]: Mach 0.75
descent speed 7315 - 3048 [m]: 537 [km/u]
approach speed 3048 - 500 [m] (clean): 463 [km/u]
stalling speed clean at 500 [m] height at Max.Landing Weight : 93895 [kg]): 243 [km/u]
final approach speed at sea-level with full flaps (normal landing weight) (Vapp): 264 [km/u]
ICAO Aircraft Approach Category (APC) : D
landing speed at sea-level (normal landing weight(Vtd): 93673 [kg]): 234 [km/hr]
stalling speed at sea-level with full flaps (max. landing weight): 203 [km/u]
rate of climb at sea-level ROC (loaded, 78 % power) : 1062 [m/min]
rate of climb at 1000 [m] with 1 engine out (PUF/MTOW, 100 % power on remaining
engines) : 752 [m/min]
rate of climb at 1000 [m] with 2 engines out (2xPUF / MTOW) : 215 [m/min]
max.rate of descent with landing gear extended, with use of spoilers: 457 [m/min]
calculation : *9* (regarding various performances)
low wheel pressure, can also take off from unpaved runways
take-off distance at sea-level concrete runway : 3151 [m]
ICAO Aerodrome Reference Code : 4D
take-off distance (C.A.R) at sea-level over 10.7 [m] height : 3245 [m]
Take-off runway length at sea-level, standard day, MTOW 141700 kg, JT4A-11 7945 kg st engines : 10500 ft = 3200 [m]
FAR TO runway length requirement at MTOW, standard day at SL (ASDA): 3202 [m]
landing distance (MLW) : 910 [m]
Approach speed at MLW 94000 kg : 142 kts = 263 km/hr
Landing runway (sea level, dry RW) : 7215 ft / 2200 [m] , this is in line with Jane’s all the world aircraft 1970-71 page 286 > CAR landing from 15m : 2220 [m], with landing run : 910 [m]
landing distance (C.A.R.) from 15 [m] at SL, dry runway : 2219 [m]
landing distance (C.A.R.) from 15 [m] at SL, wet runway : 2519 [m]
landing runway length requirements at SL : 1948 [m]
lift/drag ratio : 12.93 [ ]
climb to 5000 [m] with max payload : 4.36 [min]
climb to 10000 [m] with max payload : 13.40 [min]
descent time from 10000 [m] to 250 [m] : 24.33 [min]
ceiling limited by max. pressure differential 15200 [m]
theoretical ceiling fully loaded (mtow- 60 min.fuel: 134593 [kg] ) : 16900 [m]
calculation *10* (action radius & endurance)
range with max. payload: 6576 [km] with 21700.0 [kg] max. useful load (76.8 [%] fuel)*
range with high density pax: 7228 [km] with 181 passengers (83.5 [%] fuel)*
range with typical two-class pax: 7745 [km] with 141 passengers (88.7 [%] fuel)*
Range with max fuel (90160 litre useful) and 10000 LB payload and 200 [nm] alternate : 4600 [nm] = 8520 [km]
range with max.fuel : 8890 [km] with 11 crew and 53 passengers and 100.0 [%] fuel*
ferry range : 9124 [km] with 4 crew and zero payload (100.0 [%] fuel)*
max range theoretically with additional fuel tanks total 97639 [litre] fuel : 9754 [km]*
* calculated ranges without fuel reserves
Available Seat Kilometres (ASK) : 1314797 [paskm]
useful load with range 1000km : 21700 [kg]
useful load with range 1000km : 181 passengers
production (theor.max load): 21027 [tonkm/hour]
production (useful load): 21027 [tonkm/hour]
production (passengers): 174369 [paskm/hour]
oil and fuel consumption per tonkm : 0.339 [kg]
calculation *11* (operating cost)
fuel cost per hour (8884 [litre]):5330 [eur] (20 [pax-km/litre fuel])
fuel cost per seat 1000km flight (180 [pax] 2-class seating): 30.57 [eur/1000PK]
oil cost per hour: 54 [eur]
crew cost per hour : 1500.000 [eur]
list price 2023 : 167 [mln USD]
average flying hours in 1 year : 2900 [hours] technical life : 17 [year]
real average service life : 14 [years]
economic hours (average real flown hours): 40600 [hours] is 20 [%] less then design hours
financing interest per flying hour : 1341 [EUR]
PanAm 707-321 N724PA at Dusseldorf apt
write off per flying hour : 3535 [EUR]
time between engine failure : 14838 [hr]
can continue fly on 3 engines, low risk for emergency landing for PUF
workhours per day : 9.65 [hr]
average flight hours till crash : 0.70 [mln hr] (242 service years)
safe flight hours till fatality : 7654 [hr] (2.6 service years)
reservation pax liability/flying hour : 16.83 [SDR*] (21.04 [eur])
insurance cost per hour : 262 [eur]
engine maintenance cost per hour : 116.4 [eur]
wing maintenance cost per hour : 168.9 [eur]
fuselage maintenance cost per hour : 65.15 [eur]
maintenance cost per hour (excluding engines): 1234 [eur]
direct operating cost per hour: 13394 [eur]
DOC per seat 1000km flight (180 [pax] 2-class seating): 76.81 [eur/1000PK]
DOC per seat 1000km flight (high density seating): 76.18 [eur/1000PK]
DOC per kg cargo for a 1000km flight : 0.64 [eur/kg] (= DOC/tonkm)
passenger service charge (depart at Schiphol): 11.34 [eur]
security service charge (depart at Schiphol): 10.08 [eur]
airport take-off fee / passenger : 4.70 [eur/pax]
airport landing fee / passenger : 4.70 [eur/pax]
retour ticket price 1000km trip : 236.79 [eur/pax]
price retour ticket Schiphol-Barcelona : 279.04 [eur/pax]
accidents with fatalities > see the accident file
Notes : longest landing distance from 15m in its category : 2219 [m].
Literature :
Luchtvaart Feb’99 page 44
Airfile's register of aircraft accidents page 84,92,102
Aviation Disasters page 41,49,50
Verkeersvliegtuigen (Moussault) blz.153
Praktisch handboek vliegtuigen deel 5 page 58-62
Straalvliegtuigen page 18,19
Jane’s all the world aircraft 1964-65 page 187,188
Jane’s all the world aircraft 1970-71 page
Seat map Boeing 707-331 N769TW - Aviation Safety Network (aviation-safety.net)
https://www.boeing.com/search/results.html?q=airplane+characteristics
confidence rating regarding source data : medium - all information is only available from news, social media or unofficial sources
DISCLAIMER Above calculations are based on published data, they must be
regarded as indication not as facts.
Calculated performance and weight may not correspond with actual weights
and performances and are assumptions for which no responsibility can be taken.
Calculations are as accurate as possible, they can be fine-tuned when more data
is available, you are welcome to give suggestions and additional information
so we can improve our program. For copyright on drawings/photographs/
content please mail to below mail address
(c) B van der Zalm 13 August 2023 contact : info.aircraftinvestigation@gmail.com ac jetpax 2020.py python 3.7.4